ÿWPCº í3²Ã)ùû4H%ÀÔÀükíŽ Y¬µìwÊ2IÄC²°«‡BòE2n–í©fDR ‰õT»  Ûn°\±ê&3O‹«Š#æMùû›t{¶Á–Näh‡¬s4&Ÿüò_x ;p­# Û4Œ¤ÅñÒX©¿IÇuðtQ|Å[¤)óXù¶ÕÒ§ŠsOsmuZ‰vƒd×ôV †Ùн˜szã#sË='ÔßB²ŒÚœ§Å¤Êïv΂r!„†ÒC=®«'þÔvS„=“û d¦@ÿ»´ÞL®¬¹µ( =!²ËAŽC;„ç]'3;[‚Ó꺇L”†1í•GF{è$Þ3"SçÙ>78² ’€±BY«ú*†[U›ÕÖÍ©ÖÃ'KúXô!iÝ×'›;é¡‹È·0…VHÝr¬Gô ©ûhVÏŠ‘‚ìôm8¶G)í–‚’i7¦Ik€štÕÒ;j–´ 0PBŸQ # ŒUN— %å 0(ëU<w@O4£²˜HP DeskJet 720C SeriesHPFDJC060(,,,,0(0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ô\  `$Times NewRoman ±²E³´Eµ¶U· U¸ P¹Eº`T%dddh@3|xºÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ‡XeBXXXÔ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€WSU„ECTF/SOP€500„03„01Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à€€€à È àà  à€€€Page€1€of€4Ð œì Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€€€Effective€Date:€08€October,€1998ÌÌTitle:ò ò€SAMPLING€AND€IDENTIFICATION€OF€BENTHIC€Ð `° Ѐ€€€€€€€€MACROINVERTEBRATESÌ________________________________________________________________________ÌÌó óAuthor(s):à ` àà ¸ à_______________________________à È àDate:€€____________Ð  d Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àMark€S.€PearsonÌÌSection€Leader:à ¸ à_______________________________à È àDate:€€____________Ð Ø(  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àDr.€Michael€J.€LydyÌò ò________________________________________________________________________Ð °  Ðó óÌò ò1.0€€OBJECTIVEÐ ˆØ  ÐÌà  àó óThe€purpose€of€this€SOP€is€to€provide€a€consistent€methodology€for€routine€sampling€and€Ð `° Ðà  àidentification€of€benthic€macroinvertebrates€in€freshwater€habitats.€€This€SOP€is€for€variousÏà  àdifferent€types€of€samplers€including:€Eckman€dredges,€Surber,€and€multi„plate€(Hester„¼à  àDendy)€samplers€and€kick€nets.ÌÌò ò2.0€HEALTH€AND€SAFETYÐ üL ÐÌà  àó óExercise€caution€at€all€times€and€especially€with€grab€samplers.€€Once€the€grab€is€loaded€orÐ Ô$ Ðà  àcocked€keep€hands€and€feet€from€between€the€jaws€or€personal€injury€may€occur€if€the€¼à  àjaws€shut.€€Standard€field€and€boating€safety€practices€should€always€be€followed.€ÌÔ#†XeBXXXeB#ÔÌò ò3.0€PERSONNEL/TRAINING/RESPONSIBILITIESÐ „Ô ÐÌà  àó óAny€WSU€employee/student€familiar€with€the€equipment,€laboratory€techniques,€and€Ð \ ¬ Ðà  àtrained€in€this€and€referenced€SOPððs€may€perform€this€procedure.ÌÌò ò4.0€€à  àREQUIRED€AND€RECOMMENDED€MATERIALSÐ  #p! ÐÌà  à4.1ó ó€Required€MaterialsÐ ø$H # Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ àGrab,€Surber,€multi„plate€samplersÐ è%8!$ Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ àRope€and€stakesÐ Ô&$"% Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ àStable€boat,€PFD,€WadersÐ À'#& Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ à50ð%ðm€mesh€sieve,€bucketÐ ¬(ü#' Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ à70%€EtOHÐ ˜)è$( Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ àPlastic€container,€with€labelsÐ „*Ô%) Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ àWash€bottles,€soft€brushÐ p+À&* Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ àWhite€enamel€pans,€forcepsÐ \,¬'+ Ðà  àà ` àððà ¸ àCollection€forms,€taxonomic€keys,€dissection€microscopeÐ H-˜(, Ðò òñ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà  àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà ` àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà ¸ àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà  àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà h àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà À àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà  àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà p àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà È àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà  àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ§ñà x àñ§ññ¦ññ¦ññ¨ññ§ñPañ§ññ¨ññ©ñó óñ©ññªñPage€2€of€4ñªññ©ñò òñ©ññ¦ñÐ ° Ðñ¦ññ«ññ¦ñÌñ¦ññ«ñ5.0€PROCEDUREÌÌà  à5.1ó ó€Eckman€SamplersÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€Eckman€grab€sampler€is€primarily€used€in€lake€and€pond€environments€as€well€¼à  àà ` àas€large€rivers€and€is€capable€of€sampling€a€wide€variety€of€substrates.€€It€is€semi„¼à  àà ` àquantitative€in€nature,€the€surface€area€(15€cm€x€15€cm)€sampled€is€0.0225€square€¼à  àà ` àmeters.€€If€the€sampler€is€placed€to€a€consistent€depth€among€replicates€and€sites,€¼à  àà ` àquantitative€sampling€is€possible.€€This€sampler€can€be€used€with€a€pole€for€shallowÏà  àà ` àsites€or€line€for€deeper€sites.ÌÌà  àà ` àJust€prior€to€use,€remove€the€safety€pin€and€install€the€spring„loaded€pin,€apply€¼à  àà ` àpressure€to€the€levers€to€hold€the€spring„loaded€pin€secure.€€The€spring„loaded€pin€¼à  àà ` àwill€release€only€when€the€sampler€is€on€the€bottom.€€The€sampler€must€have€a€¼à  àà ` àcontrolled€lowering€speed,€but€sufficiently€fast€enough€to€ensure€sediment€à Ð àÐ ˆØ  Ðà  àñ¥ñà ` àñ¥ñpenetration.€€Once€the€sampler€reaches€the€bottom,€its€weight€will€cause€it€to€¼à  àà ` àpenetrate€the€substrate,€and€the€spring„loaded€pin€will€be€released.€€This€allows€the€¼à  àà ` àjaws€to€close€as€the€sampler€is€raised.€€Raise€the€sampler€slow,€but€steady€rate€to€¼à  àà ` àprevent€sediment€loss€or€washout.€€Once€on€board,€empty€the€sediment€into€a€¼à  àà ` à500ð%ðm€mesh€sieve€to€remove€most€of€the€fines€and€clays.€€Carefully€empty€the€Ð $t Ðà  àà ` àremaining€portion€into€a€container€and€preserve€with€70%€ethanol€(EtOH).€€¼à  àà ` àThoroughly€rinse€the€sampler€with€water€so€all€sediment€material€is€included€in€the€¼à  àà ` àsampler.€€Immediately€after€use€install€the€safety€locking€pin€and€inspect€for€¼à  àà ` àdamage€to€the€unit.€€Rinse€with€clean€water€and€allow€the€sampler€to€dry€and€store€¼à  àà ` àin€the€wood€box€provided.ÌÌà  àò ò5.2€ó óSurber€SamplerÐ ˜è ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€Surber€sampler€is€a€lightweight€device€for€procuring€invertebrate€samples€in€¼à  àà ` àsmall€and€relatively€shallow€(ðð€0.6€m)€flowing€streams,€in€particular€riffle€areas€ñ¢ñÐ ` ° Ðà  àà ` àñ¢ñwith€substrate€ðð€cobble€size.€€The€Surber€is€quantitative€in€nature€and€samples€and€ñ¤ñÐ L!œ Ðà  àà ` àñ¤ñarea€ñ£ñà  àà  àñ£ñ(15€cm€x€15€cm)€of€0.0930€square€meters.ÌÌà  àà ` àPlace€the€net€opening€facing€upstream,€using€the€current€to€hold€the€net€open.€€¼à  àà ` àPush€the€horizontal€frame€into€the€substrate.€€Within€the€framed€area,€dig€up€¼à  àà ` àrocks€and€other€bottom€deposits€by€hand€to€a€depth€of€5€cm.€€If€a€rock€is€ðð€50%€in€Ð è%8!$ Ðà  àà ` àthe€sampling€area,€it€is€dislodged€and€checked€for€invertebrates.€€If€the€rock€is€ðð€Ð Ô&$"% Ðà  àà ` à50%€in€the€sampling€area€it€is€disregarded€as€far€as€sampling.€€Gently€rub€the€largerÏà  àà ` àpieces€of€substrate€to€dislodge€invertebrates€and€discard€the€substrate€away€from€¼à  àà ` àthe€sample€area.€€Use€of€a€soft€bristle€brush€to€dislodge€invertebrates€can€also€be€¼à  àà ` àdone.€€The€dislodged€invertebrates€drift€into€the€open€net.€€Wash€the€entire€¼à  àà ` àcontents€of€the€sample€into€a€plastic€bucket€and€rinse€through€a€500ð%ðm€mesh€sieve€Ð p+À&* Ðà  àà ` àto€remove€most€fines€and€clays.€€Preserve€invertebrates€with€70%€EtOH€as€soon€asÏà  àà ` àpossible.Ð H-˜(, Їñ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà  àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà ` àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà ¸ àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà  àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà h àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà À àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà  àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà p àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà È àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà  àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ­ñà x àñ­ññ¬ññ¬ññ®ññ­ñà Ð àñ­ññ®ññ°ññ¯ñpñ¯ññ°ññ²ññ°ñPñ°ññ±ñATEñ±ññ²ññ³ñPage€3€ñ³ññ´ññ³ñifñ³ññ´ññµñof€4ñµññ¬ñÌñ¬ñà  àò ò5.3€ó óMulti„plate€(Hester„Dendy)€SamplersÐ œì ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€Multi„plate€sampler€is€an€artificial€substrate€sampler.€€The€plates€are€of€a€¼à  àà ` àknown€are€and€therefore€semi„quantitative€in€nature.€€They€may€be€used€to€¼à  àà ` àstandardize€a€particular€sampling€procedure€i.e.,€biomonitoring.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€sampler€may€be€used€in€streams€or€lakes,€supported€by€a€device€that€will€¼à  àà ` àsuspend€it€at€a€proper€water€depth.€€Depth€and€exposure€period€should€be€à Ð àÐ  d Ðà  àà ` àconsistent€during€a€particular€study.€€Begin€a€collection€procedure€by€carefully€¼à  àà ` àlifting€the€sampler€out€of€the€water€and€placing€it€in€a€tray.€€Invertebrates€may€be€¼à  àà ` àremoved€in€the€field€or€laboratory€by€disassembly€of€the€sampler€and€gently€¼à  àà ` àbrushing€or€washing€invertebrates€into€a€suitable€container.€€Samplers€may€be€¼à  àà ` àplaced€in€plastic€bags€for€transportation€to€the€laboratory.€€Preserve€invertebrates€¼à  àà ` àin€70%€EtOH€as€soon€as€possible.€€Replace€sampler€in€the€same€location€and€depthÏà  àà ` àat€the€site.ÌÌà  àò ò5.4€ó óVoucher€CollectionÐ `° ÐÌà  àà ` àDuring€any€particular€study,€a€representative€collection€of€macroinvertebrates€will€¼à  àà ` àbe€saved€for€a€voucher€collection.€€These€macroinvertebrates€will€be€preserved€in€¼à  àà ` à70%€EtOH,€labeled€with€the€appropriate€taxonomic€level,€site€collected€(city,€¼à  àà ` àcounty,€state,€etc.),€and€stored€in€the€laboratory.ÌÌò òà  à5.5ó ó€Identification€of€MacroinvertebratesÐ Ø( ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€the€laboratory€macroinvertebrate€samples€will€be€emptied€into€a€500ð%ðm€sieve€Ð ´ Ðà  àà ` àand€rinsed€with€tap€water€to€remove€EtOH€residue.€€The€rinsed€samples€will€be€¼à  àà ` àplaced€into€a€white€enamel€pan,€hand€sorted€to€order,€and€placed€into€glass€vials€¼à  àà ` àwith€labels€detailing€the€site€and€date€of€sample.ÌÌà  àà ` àIdentification€to€the€lowest€practical€taxonomic€level€will€be€conducted€by€trained€¼à  àà ` àand€experienced€personnel€using€appropriate€optical€magnification€instrumentation.€Ïà  àà ` àGeneral€keys€to€be€used€include:€An€Introduction€to€the€Aquatic€insects€of€North€¼à  àà ` àAmerica€(Merritt€and€Cummins,€1988)€and€Ecology€and€Classification€of€North€¼à  àà ` àAmerican€Freshwater€Invertebrates€(Thorp€and€Covich,€1991).ÌÌò ò6.0€LITERATURE€CITEDÐ Ø&("% ÐÌó óà  àASTM.€Standard€practice€for€collecting€of€benthic€macroinvertebrates€with€Ponar€grab€Ð °($' Ðà  àsampler.€€ASTM€1993€Annual€Book€of€Standards€Vol.€11.04€D4342„84,€Philadelphia,€PA.ÌÌà  àASTM.€Standard€guide€for€selecting€grab€sampling€devices€for€collecting€benthic€à Ð àÐ t+Ä&* Ðà  àmacroinvertebrates.€€ASTM€1993€Annual€Book€of€Standards€Vol.€11.04€D4387„84,€¼à  àPhiladelphia,€PA.Ð L-œ(, Їñ¶ññ¶ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà  àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà ` àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà ¸ àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà  àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà h àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà À àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà  àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà p àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà È àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà  àñ¸ññ·ññ·ññ¸ñà x àñ¸ññºñPage€4€of€4ñºññ¹ññ¸ñ{sñ¸ññ¹ññºññ¹ñ€€ñ¹ññºññ·ñÌñ·ññ¶ñÌñ¶ñà  àMerritt,€R.W.€and€K.W.€Cummins,€1988.€€An€Introduction€to€the€Aquatic€Insects€of€NorthÏà  àAmerica.€€Kendall/Hunt€publishing€Company,€Dubuque,€IA.€ÌÌà  àThorp,€J.H.€and€A.P.€Covich,€1991.€€Ecology€and€Classification€of€North€American€¼à  àFreshwater€Invertebrates.€€Academic€press,€Inc.,€Harcourt€Brace€Jovanovich€publishers,€¼à  àSan€Diego,€CA.